SERVING FREDERICKSBURG AND STAFFORD SINCE 1986
Hammertoe Treatment & Surgery in Fredericksburg, VA
From roomier shoes to surgical correction, board-certified and board-eligible surgeons who straighten bent toes so your shoes stop hurting.
☎ Fredericksburg: (540) 371-3338
☎ North Stafford: (540) 659-5067

6 Podiatric Surgeons on Staff • Serving the region since 1986 • 900+ five-star Google reviews • 2 convenient locations
What Is a Hammertoe?
A hammertoe is a toe that has buckled at its middle joint, curling into a shape that resembles the head of a hammer. It happens because the small muscles and tendons that keep the toe straight fall out of balance: the tendons on the bottom of the toe pull harder than the ones on top, and over years of steps, the toe gives in and bends. That is also why hammertoes so often appear next to bunions. As the big toe drifts, it crowds and destabilizes its neighbors, and the second toe is usually the first to bend.
The bent knuckle now rides higher than the toe was designed to, which means it rubs the top of your shoe with every step. The body responds to that friction by building a corn. Many people spend years treating the corn, shaving it, padding it, softening it, when the corn is really a symptom of the bent bone underneath. That distinction matters, because it explains why the corn tends to return, and why straightening the toe usually stops it from forming.

The corn forms where the buckled joint rubs the shoe. Straighten the toe and the corn usually stops forming.
The Key Distinction: Flexible vs. Rigid
| Feature | Flexible Hammertoe | Rigid Hammertoe |
|---|---|---|
| Can it be straightened by hand? | Yes, the joint still moves | No, the joint has stiffened in the bent position |
| What is happening | Tendon imbalance is bending the toe, but the joint is healthy | The joint has contracted; soft tissue and joint surfaces have adapted to the bend |
| Conservative care | Effective at relieving symptoms and slowing progression | Can pad and protect, but cannot straighten |
| Surgical approach | Often a small tendon release or rebalancing | Requires bone work: arthroplasty or fusion |
This is one of the most important questions in your exam, because flexible hammertoes tend to stiffen over time. A toe you can still straighten with your finger today is generally the more straightforward version of this problem.
You’ve Probably Already Tried…
Corn pads and cushions from the pharmacy. Trimming or filing the corn down, only to feel it return within weeks. Toe sleeves and gel caps. Bigger shoes, softer shoes, no shoes whenever possible. Maybe medicated corn removers, which we would ask you to stop using, since the acid cannot tell corn from healthy skin.
Padding and roomier shoes genuinely reduce pain, and for a flexible hammertoe that is bothering you only occasionally, they may be all you need for now. What these measures do is manage the friction rather than the buckled joint creating it, and the toe can keep stiffening in the meantime. That is the honest reason to have the toe looked at: so you know where you stand and which of the simpler options are still open to you.
When to See a Specialist
Come in when the corn keeps rebuilding no matter what you do; when the toe has become harder to straighten with your hand than it used to be; when pain has moved into the ball of your foot beneath the toe; when the toe is starting to cross over or tuck under a neighbor; or when any open sore forms on the knuckle. And if you have diabetes or reduced sensation, a rubbing hammertoe deserves prompt attention, because that kind of friction is a common way pressure sores begin.
A flexible hammertoe usually has simpler solutions than a rigid one. The exam takes only a few minutes and tells you which one you have.
Same-Day Urgent Appointments Usually Available
Call either office or request an appointment online.
☎ Fredericksburg: (540) 371-3338
☎ North Stafford: (540) 659-5067
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Care
Footwear with a real toe box. Specific guidance on depth and shape, because the difference between a shoe that rubs the knuckle and one that clears it is measured in millimeters.
Pads, sleeves, and crest pads. Placed correctly, these offload the corn and support the toe from beneath, buying comfort while we address the mechanics.
Taping and splinting. For flexible toes, holding the toe in better alignment during the day slows the contracture.
Custom 3D orthotics. Hammertoes are usually a symptom of how your foot loads with each step. Orthotics fabricated from a 3D scan in our office rebalance the load across your forefoot and address those underlying mechanics, not just the toe itself.
Professional corn care. We debride painful corns safely in the office, without the risk to healthy skin that medicated pads carry.
Surgical Correction
Tendon release or transfer. For flexible hammertoes, releasing or rebalancing the overpowering tendon through a very small incision lets the toe lie flat again, often without any bone work.
Arthroplasty. For rigid toes, removing a small piece of bone at the contracted joint lets the toe straighten and takes the knuckle out of the shoe’s way.
Fusion with a pin or implant. For severe or recurrent hammertoes, the joint is set straight and held while it fuses in the corrected position. Depending on the toe and your surgeon’s judgment, that is done with either a temporary pin or a small internal implant.
Minimally invasive correction, in select cases. Some hammertoe corrections can be approached through a very small incision. Whether that fits your particular toe is something your surgeon will assess at your exam.
Combined with bunion correction, when it makes sense. Because the two problems so often travel together, we can frequently straighten a hammertoe during the same surgery as a bunion repair, meaning one anesthesia and one recovery. In some cases, though, your surgeon may recommend doing them as separate procedures. When a toe has to be held straight with a wire while it heals, that toe often ends up moving and working better if it is not recovering alongside a bunion correction at the same time. Your surgeon will talk this through with you and recommend the approach most likely to serve your feet best over the long term.
What to Expect After Hammertoe Surgery
1. Surgery Day
An outpatient procedure, typically under local or light sedation. Most patients walk out the same day in a stiff-soled surgical shoe.
2. First Two Weeks
Bandaged toe, limited walking in the surgical shoe, and elevation to control swelling. Discomfort is usually well handled with over-the-counter medication after the first day or two.
3. Weeks 3 to 6
If a pin was used, it is removed in the office, a quick step that is usually far easier than patients expect. Walking normalizes and you transition toward regular shoes.
4. Beyond Week 6
Back in your normal footwear and activities. The operated toe commonly stays mildly swollen for several months even as everything else feels normal, which is expected and fades.
Why Patients Choose Rappahannock Foot & Ankle Specialists
We have been straightening toes in this region since 1986, and the practice is built so your whole fix happens in one place: the exam, the X-rays, the custom orthotics that address why the toe bent in the first place, the surgery if you need it, and the follow-up care afterward. Our board-certified and board-eligible surgeons handle hammertoes constantly, both on their own and alongside bunion corrections, so the judgment about which procedure your toe needs comes from doing these corrections regularly.

Meet the Surgeons

Dr. Michael Donato

Dr. Sunshine Brady-Thomas

Dr. Joel Zarzuela

Dr. Martha Hurley

Dr. Neelum Patel

Dr. Jessica Somma

Dr. Stephen Carley
Emeritus
What Our Patients Say
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a hammertoe straighten out on its own or with exercises?
Not on its own. Once the tendon imbalance has bent the toe, exercises and splints can slow the progression and relieve symptoms, but they do not straighten the toe itself. A flexible hammertoe can often be managed comfortably for a long time; a rigid one generally needs surgery to be straightened.
Will the corn go away if I have the toe fixed?
Usually, yes. Corns are pressure calluses that form in response to repeated friction. Once the toe is straightened and the rubbing stops, the corn typically stops re-forming.
Is hammertoe surgery painful?
It is among the better-tolerated foot procedures. Most patients describe soreness rather than sharp pain and manage with over-the-counter medication after the first day or two.
Can you fix several toes at once?
Yes, and when multiple toes have buckled we usually recommend it, since the recovery for three toes is essentially the recovery for one.
Can it be done at the same time as my bunion surgery?
Often yes, and because the bunion is frequently what destabilized the toe in the first place, correcting both in one operation can mean a single anesthesia and a single recovery. But not always, and this is a real conversation to have with your surgeon. When a toe needs to be held straight with a wire while it heals, that toe joint often moves and functions better afterward if it is not recovering at the same time as a bunion correction. In those cases your surgeon may recommend spacing the two procedures out, because the long-term result of the toe is what matters most. Which path fits your feet is a decision your surgeon will make with you.
What is the pin like? Does removal hurt?
The pin is thin, exits the tip of the toe under the bandage, and holds your correction while it heals. Removal happens in the office in seconds, and most patients find it far easier than they expected.
How soon am I back in regular shoes?
Typically within several weeks, depending on whether tendon work, arthroplasty, or fusion was performed. Your surgeon will give you a specific timeline before scheduling.
Does insurance cover hammertoe surgery?
Yes, when it is medically necessary, meaning documented pain, corns, or shoe conflict rather than appearance. We are in network with most major plans and verify your benefits before scheduling anything.
Is it okay to just live with it?
Many people do, especially while the toe is still flexible and only bothers them now and then. Over time, though, flexible toes tend to stiffen, corns can thicken and occasionally ulcerate, and neighboring toes can follow as the mechanics change. For patients with diabetes the stakes are higher, since a rubbing knuckle is a common starting point for pressure sores. Treating it earlier usually means a smaller procedure.
Podiatrist or orthopedist for a hammertoe?
Board-certified podiatric surgeons correct hammertoes as a core part of practice, and here the surgeon, the orthotics addressing the underlying mechanics, and the follow-up care are all in one office.
Straighten the Toe, Relieve the Corn
Ready to Schedule?
Request an appointment online or call your nearest office below.
Have Questions First?
Call your nearest office and our team will happily answer.
Not Sure It’s a Hammertoe?
A bent toe that will not sit flat is worth an exam either way.
Our Locations
Fredericksburg
195 Falcon Drive
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
☎ (540) 371-3338
North Stafford
450 Garrisonville Road, Suite 115
Stafford, VA 22554
☎ (540) 659-5067
